Treaty of Peace with Japan

Treaty of Peace with Japan

WHEREAS the Allied Powers and Japan are resolved that henceforth

their relations shall be those of nations which, as sovereign equals,

cooperate in friendly association to promote their common welfare

and to maintain international peace and security, and are therefore

desirous of concluding a Treaty of Peace which will settle questions

still outstanding as a result of the existence of a state of war between

them;

WHEREAS Japan for its part declares its intention to apply for

membership in the United Nations and in all circumstances to conform

to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations; to strive to

realize the objectives of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; to

seek to create within Japan conditions of stability and well-being as

defined in Articles 55 and 56 of the Charter of the United Nations

and already initiated by post-surrender Japanese legislation; and in

public and private trade and commerce to conform to internationally

accepted fair practices;

WHEREAS the Allied Powers welcome the intentions of Japan set out

in the foregoing paragraph;

THE ALLIED POWERS AND JAPAN have therefore determined to

conclude the present Treaty of Peace, and have accordingly

appointed the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, who, after presentation

of their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the

following provisions:

CHAPTER I

PEACE

Article 1

(a) The state of war between Japan and each of the Allied Powers is

terminated as from the date on which the present Treaty comes into

force between Japan and the Allied Power concerned as provided for

in Article 23.

(b) The Allied Powers recognize the full sovereignty of the Japanese

people over Japan and its territorial waters.

CHAPTER II

TERRITORY

Article 2

(a) Japan recognizing the independence of Korea, renounces all right,

title and claim to Korea, including the islands of Quelpart, Port

Hamilton and Dagelet.

(b) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the

Pescadores.

to that portion of Sakhalin and the islands adjacent to it over which

Japan acquired sovereignty as a consequence of the Treaty of

Portsmouth of 5 September 1905.

(d) Japan renounces all right, title and claim in connection with the

League of Nations Mandate System, and accepts the action of the

United Nations Security Council of 2 April 1947, extending the

trusteeship system to the Pacific Islands formerly under mandate to

Japan.

(e) Japan renounces all claim to any right or title to or interest in

connection with any part of the Antarctic area, whether deriving from

the activities of Japanese nationals or otherwise.

(f) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Spratly Islands and

to the Paracel Islands.

Article 3

Japan will concur in any proposal of the United States to the United

Nations to place under its trusteeship system, with the United States

as the sole administering authority, Nansei Shoto south of 29deg.

north latitude (including the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands),

Nanpo Shoto south of Sofu Gan (including the Bonin Islands, Rosario

Island and the Volcano Islands) and Parece Vela and Marcus Island.

Pending the making of such a proposal and affirmative action thereon,

the United States will have the right to exercise all and any powers of

administration, legislation and jurisdiction over the territory and

inhabitants of these islands, including their territorial waters.

Article 4

(a) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Article, the

disposition of property of Japan and of its nationals in the areas

referred to in Article 2, and their claims, including debts, against the

authorities presently administering such areas and the residents

(including juridical persons) thereof, and the disposition in Japan of

property of such authorities and residents, and of claims, including

debts, of such authorities and residents against Japan and its nationals,

shall be the subject of special arrangements between Japan and such

authorities. The property of any of the Allied Powers or its nationals in

the areas referred to in Article 2 shall, insofar as this has not already

been done, be returned by the administering authority in the condition

in which it now exists. (The term nationals whenever used in the

present Treaty includes juridical persons.)

(b) Japan recognizes the validity of dispositions of property of Japan

and Japanese nationals made by or pursuant to directives of the

United States Military Government in any of the areas referred to in

Articles 2 and 3.

removed from Japanese control pursuant to the present Treaty shall

be equally divided, Japan retaining the Japanese terminal and

adjoining half of the cable, and the detached territory the remainder of

the cable and connecting terminal facilities.

CHAPTER III

SECURITY

Article 5

(a) Japan accepts the obligations set forth in Article 2 of the Charter

of the United Nations, and in particular the obligations

(i) to settle its international disputes by peaceful means in

such a manner that international peace and security, and

justice, are not endangered;

(ii) to refrain in its international relations from the threat

or use of force against the territorial integrity or political

independence of any State or in any other manner

inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations;

(iii) to give the United Nations every assistance in any

action it takes in accordance with the Charter and to

refrain from giving assistance to any State against which

the United Nations may take preventive or enforcement

action.

(b) The Allied Powers confirm that they will be guided by the

principles of Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations in their

relations with Japan.

sovereign nation possesses the inherent right of individual or collective

self-defense referred to in Article 51 of the Charter of the United

Nations and that Japan may voluntarily enter into collective security

arrangements.

Article 6

(a) All occupation forces of the Allied Powers shall be withdrawn

from Japan as soon as possible after the coming into force of the

present Treaty, and in any case not later than 90 days thereafter.

Nothing in this provision shall, however, prevent the stationing or

retention of foreign armed forces in Japanese territory under or in

consequence of any bilateral or multilateral agreements which have

been or may be made between one or more of the Allied Powers, on

the one hand, and Japan on the other.

(b) The provisions of Article 9 of the Potsdam Proclamation of 26

July 1945, dealing with the return of Japanese military forces to their

homes, to the extent not already completed, will be carried out.

been paid, which was supplied for the use of the occupation forces

and which remains in the possession of those forces at the time of the

coming into force of the present Treaty, shall be returned to the

Japanese Government within the same 90 days unless other

arrangements are made by mutual agreement.

CHAPTER IV

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CLAUSES

Article 7

(a) Each of the Allied Powers, within one year after the present

Treaty has come into force between it and Japan, will notify Japan

which of its prewar bilateral treaties or conventions with Japan it

wishes to continue in force or revive, and any treaties or conventions

so notified shall continue in force or by revived subject only to such

amendments as may be necessary to ensure conformity with the

present Treaty. The treaties and conventions so notified shall be

considered as having been continued in force or revived three months

after the date of notification and shall be registered with the

Secretariat of the United Nations. All such treaties and conventions as

to which Japan is not so notified shall be regarded as abrogated.

(b) Any notification made under paragraph (a) of this Article may

except from the operation or revival of a treaty or convention any

territory for the international relations of which the notifying Power is

responsible, until three months after the date on which notice is given

to Japan that such exception shall cease to apply.

Article 8

(a) Japan will recognize the full force of all treaties now or hereafter

concluded by the Allied Powers for terminating the state of war

initiated on 1 September 1939, as well as any other arrangements by

the Allied Powers for or in connection with the restoration of peace.

Japan also accepts the arrangements made for terminating the former

League of Nations and Permanent Court of International Justice.

(b) Japan renounces all such rights and interests as it may derive from

being a signatory power of the Conventions of St. Germain-en-Laye

of 10 September 1919, and the Straits Agreement of Montreux of 20

July 1936, and from Article 16 of the Treaty of Peace with Turkey

signed at Lausanne on 24 July 1923.

discharged from all obligations resulting from, the Agreement between

Germany and the Creditor Powers of 20 January 1930 and its

Annexes, including the Trust Agreement, dated 17 May 1930, the

Convention of 20 January 1930, respecting the Bank for International

Settlements; and the Statutes of the Bank for International

Settlements. Japan will notify to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in

Paris within six months of the first coming into force of the present

Treaty its renunciation of the rights, title and interests referred to in this

paragraph.

Article 9

Japan will enter promptly into negotiations with the Allied Powers so

desiring for the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements

providing for the regulation or limitation of fishing and the conservation

and development of fisheries on the high seas.

Article 10

Japan renounces all special rights and interests in China, including all

benefits and privileges resulting from the provisions of the final

Protocol signed at Peking on 7 September 1901, and all annexes,

notes and documents supplementary thereto, and agrees to the

abrogation in respect to Japan of the said protocol, annexes, notes

and documents.

Article 11

Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for

the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts both within and

outside Japan, and will carry out the sentences imposed thereby upon

Japanese nationals imprisoned in Japan. The power to grant

clemency, to reduce sentences and to parole with respect to such

prisoners may not be exercised except on the decision of the

Government or Governments which imposed the sentence in each

instance, and on recommendation of Japan. In the case of persons

sentenced by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, such

power may not be exercised except on the decision of a majority of

the Governments represented on the Tribunal, and on the

recommendation of Japan.

Article 12

(a) Japan declares its readiness promptly to enter into negotiations for

the conclusion with each of the Allied Powers of treaties or

agreements to place their trading, maritime and other commercial

relations on a stable and friendly basis.

(b) Pending the conclusion of the relevant treaty or agreement, Japan

will, during a period of four years from the first coming into force of

the present Treaty

(1) accord to each of the Allied Powers, its nationals,

products and vessels

(i) most-favoured-nation treatment with

respect to customs duties, charges,

restrictions and other regulations on or in

connection with the importation and

exportation of goods;

(ii) national treatment with respect to

shipping, navigation and imported goods,

and with respect to natural and juridical

persons and their interests - such treatment

to include all matters pertaining to the

levying and collection of taxes, access to

the courts, the making and performance of

contracts, rights to property (tangible and

intangible), participating in juridical entities

constituted under Japanese law, and

generally the conduct of all kinds of

business and professional activities;

(2) ensure that external purchases and sales of Japanese

state trading enterprises shall be based solely on

commercial considerations.

accord to an Allied Power national treatment, or most-favored-nation

treatment, only to the extent that the Allied Power concerned accords

Japan national treatment or most-favored-nation treatment, as the

case may be, in respect of the same matter. The reciprocity envisaged

in the foregoing sentence shall be determined, in the case of products,

vessels and juridical entities of, and persons domiciled in, any

non-metropolitan territory of an Allied Power, and in the case of

juridical entities of, and persons domiciled in, any state or province of

an Allied Power having a federal government, by reference to the

treatment accorded to Japan in such territory, state or province.

(d) In the application of this Article, a discriminatory measure shall not

be considered to derogate from the grant of national or

most-favored-nation treatment, as the case may be, if such measure is

based on an exception customarily provided for in the commercial

treaties of the party applying it, or on the need to safeguard that

party's external financial position or balance of payments (except in

respect to shiping and navigation), or on the need to maintain its

essential security interests, and provided such measure is

proportionate to the circumstances and not applied in an arbitrary or

unreasonable manner.

(e) Japan's obligations under this Article shall not be affected by the

exercise of any Allied rights under Article 14 of the present Treaty;

nor shall the provisions of this Article be understood as limiting the

undertakings assumed by Japan by virtue of Article 15 of the Treaty.

Article 13

(a) Japan will enter into negotiations with any of the Allied Powers,

promptly upon the request of such Power or Powers, for the

conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements relating to

international civil air transport.

(b) Pending the conclusion of such agreement or agreements, Japan

will, during a period of four years from the first coming into force of

the present Treaty, extend to such Power treatment not less favorable

with respect to air-traffic rights and privileges than those exercised by

any such Powers at the date of such coming into force, and will

accord complete equality of opportunity in respect to the operation

and development of air services.

Civil Aviation in accordance with Article 93 thereof, Japan will give

effect to the provisions of that Convention applicable to the

international navigation of aircraft, and will give effect to the

standards, practices and procedures adopted as annexes to the

Convention in accordance with the terms of the Convention.

CHAPTER V

CLAIMS AND PROPERTY

Article 14

(a) It is recognized that Japan should pay reparations to the Allied

Powers for the damage and suffering caused by it during the war.

Nevertheless it is also recognized that the resources of Japan are not

presently sufficient, if it is to maintain a viable economy, to make

complete reparation for all such damage and suffering and at the same

time meet its other obligations.

Therefore,

1. Japan will promptly enter into negotiations with Allied

Powers so desiring, whose present territories were

occupied by Japanese forces and damaged by Japan,

with a view to assisting to compensate those countries

for the cost of repairing the damage done, by making

available the services of the Japanese people in

production, salvaging and other work for the Allied

Powers in question. Such arrangements shall avoid the

imposition of additional liabilities on other Allied Powers,

and, where the manufacturing of raw materials is called

for, they shall be supplied by the Allied Powers in

question, so as not to throw any foreign exchange

burden upon Japan.

2. (I) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (II)

below, each of the Allied Powers shall have the right to

seize, retain, liquidate or otherwise dispose of all

property, rights and interests of

(a) Japan and Japanese nationals,

(b) persons acting for or on behalf of Japan or Japanese

nationals, and

nationals,

which on the first coming into force of the present Treaty

were subject to its jurisdiction. The property, rights and

interests specified in this subparagraph shall include

those now blocked, vested or in the possession or under

the control of enemy property authorities of Allied

Powers, which belong to, or were held or managed on

behalf of, any of the persons or entities mentioned in (a),

(b) or (c) above at the time such assets came under the

controls of such authorities.

(II) The following shall be excepted from the right

specified in subparagraph (I) above:

(i) property of Japanese natural persons who during the

war resided with the permission of the Government

concerned in the territory of one of the Allied Powers,

other than territory occupied by Japan, except property

subjected to restrictions during the war and not released

from such restrictions as of the date of the first coming

into force of the present Treaty;

(ii) all real property, furniture and fixtures owned by the

Government of Japan and used for diplomatic or

consular purposes, and all personal furniture and

furnishings and other private property not of an

investment nature which was normally necessary for the

carrying out of diplomatic and consular functions, owned

by Japanese diplomatic and consular personnel;

(iii) property belonging to religious bodies or private

charitable institutions and used exclusively for religious

or charitable purposes;

(iv) property, rights and interests which have come

within its jurisdiction in consequence of the resumption

of trade and financial relations subsequent to 2

September 1945, between the country concerned and

Japan, except such as have resulted from transactions

contrary to the laws of the Allied Power concerned;

(v) obligations of Japan or Japanese nationals, any right,

title or interest in tangible property located in Japan,

interests in enterprises organized under the laws of

Japan, or any paper evidence thereof; provided that this

exception shall only apply to obligations of Japan and its

nationals expressed in Japanese currency.

(III) Property referred to in exceptions (i) through (v)

above shall be returned subject to reasonable expenses

for its preservation and administration. If any such

property has been liquidated the proceeds shall be

returned instead.

(IV) The right to seize, retain, liquidate or otherwise

dispose of property as provided in subparagraph (I)

above shall be exercised in accordance with the laws of

the Allied Power concerned, and the owner shall have

only such rights as may be given him by those laws.

(V) The Allied Powers agree to deal with Japanese

trademarks and literary and artistic property rights on a

basis as favorable to Japan as circumstances ruling in

each country will permit.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in the present Treaty, the Allied

Powers waive all reparations claims of the Allied Powers, other

claims of the Allied Powers and their nationals arising out of any

actions taken by Japan and its nationals in the course of the

prosecution of the war, and claims of the Allied Powers for direct

military costs of occupation.

Article 15

(a) Upon application made within nine months of the coming into

force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power

concerned, Japan will, within six months of the date of such

application, return the property, tangible and intangible, and all rights

or interests of any kind in Japan of each Allied Power and its nationals

which was within Japan at any time between 7 December 1941 and 2

September 1945, unless the owner has freely disposed thereof

without duress or fraud. Such property shall be returned free of all

encumbrances and charges to which it may have become subject

because of the war, and without any charges for its return. Property

whose return is not applied for by or on behalf of the owner or by his

Government within the prescribed period may be disposed of by the

Japanese Government as it may determine. In cases where such

property was within Japan on 7 December 1941, and cannot be

returned or has suffered injury or damage as a result of the war,

compensation will be made on terms not less favorable than the terms

provided in the draft Allied Powers Property Compensation Law

approved by the Japanese Cabinet on 13 July 1951.

(b) With respect to industrial property rights impaired during the war,

Japan will continue to accord to the Allied Powers and their nationals

benefits no less than those heretofore accorded by Cabinet Orders

No. 309 effective 1 September 1949, No. 12 effective 28 January

1950, and No. 9 effective 1 February 1950, all as now amended,

provided such nationals have applied for such benefits within the time

limits prescribed therein.

which existed in Japan on 6 December 1941, in respect to the

published and unpublished works of the Allied Powers and their

nationals have continued in force since that date, and recognizes those

rights which have arisen, or but for the war would have arisen, in

Japan since that date, by the operation of any conventions and

agreements to which Japan was a party on that date, irrespective of

whether or not such conventions or agreements were abrogated or

suspended upon or since the outbreak of war by the domestic law of

Japan or of the Allied Power concerned.

(ii) Without the need for application by the proprietor of the right and

without the payment of any fee or compliance with any other

formality, the period from 7 December 1941 until the coming into

force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power

concerned shall be excluded from the running of the normal term of

such rights; and such period, with an additional period of six months,

shall be excluded from the time within which a literary work must be

translated into Japanese in order to obtain translating rights in Japan.

Article 16

As an expression of its desire to indemnify those members of the

armed forces of the Allied Powers who suffered undue hardships

while prisoners of war of Japan, Japan will transfer its assets and

those of its nationals in countries which were neutral during the war,

or which were at war with any of the Allied Powers, or, at its option,

the equivalent of such assets, to the International Committee of the

Red Cross which shall liquidate such assets and distribute the resultant

fund to appropriate national agencies, for the benefit of former

prisoners of war and their families on such basis as it may determine

to be equitable. The categories of assets described in Article

14(a)2(II)(ii) through (v) of the present Treaty shall be excepted from

transfer, as well as assets of Japanese natural persons not residents of

Japan on the first coming into force of the Treaty. It is equally

understood that the transfer provision of this Article has no application

to the 19,770 shares in the Bank for International Settlements

presently owned by Japanese financial institutions.

Article 17

(a) Upon the request of any of the Allied Powers, the Japanese

Government shall review and revise in conformity with international

law any decision or order of the Japanese Prize Courts in cases

involving ownership rights of nationals of that Allied Power and shall

supply copies of all documents comprising the records of these cases,

including the decisions taken and orders issued. In any case in which

such review or revision shows that restoration is due, the provisions of

Article 15 shall apply to the property concerned.

(b) The Japanese Government shall take the necessary measures to

enable nationals of any of the Allied Powers at any time within one

year from the coming into force of the present Treaty between Japan

and the Allied Power concerned to submit to the appropriate

Japanese authorities for review any judgment given by a Japanese

court between 7 December 1941 and such coming into force, in any

proceedings in which any such national was unable to make adequate

presentation of his case either as plaintiff or defendant. The Japanese

Government shall provide that, where the national has suffered injury

by reason of any such judgment, he shall be restored in the position in

which he was before the judgment was given or shall be afforded such

relief as may be just and equitable in the circumstances.

Article 18

(a) It is recognized that the intervention of the state of war has not

affected the obligation to pay pecuniary debts arising out of

obligations and contracts (including those in respect of bonds) which

existed and rights which were acquired before the existence of a state

of war, and which are due by the Government or nationals of Japan to

the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers, or are due

by the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers to the

Government or nationals of Japan. The intervention of a state of war

shall equally not be regarded as affecting the obligation to consider on

their merits claims for loss or damage to property or for personal

injury or death which arose before the existence of a state of war, and

which may be presented or re-presented by the Government of one

of the Allied Powers to the Government of Japan, or by the

Government of Japan to any of the Governments of the Allied

Powers. The provisions of this paragraph are without prejudice to the

rights conferred by Article 14.

(b) Japan affirms its liability for the prewar external debt of the

Japanese State and for debts of corporate bodies subsequently

declared to be liabilities of the Japanese State, and expresses its

intention to enter into negotiations at an early date with its creditors

with respect to the resumption of payments on those debts; to

encourage negotiations in respect to other prewar claims and

obligations; and to facilitate the transfer of sums accordingly.

Article 19

(a) Japan waives all claims of Japan and its nationals against the Allied

Powers and their nationals arising out of the war or out of actions

taken because of the existence of a state of war, and waives all claims

arising from the presence, operations or actions of forces or

authorities of any of the Allied Powers in Japanese territory prior to

the coming into force of the present Treaty.

(b) The foregoing waiver includes any claims arising out of actions

taken by any of the Allied Powers with respect to Japanese ships

between 1 September 1939 and the coming into force of the present

Treaty, as well as any claims and debts arising in respect to Japanese

prisoners of war and civilian internees in the hands of the Allied

Powers, but does not include Japanese claims specificially recognized

in the laws of any Allied Power enacted since 2 September 1945.

renounces all claims (including debts) against Germany and German

nationals on behalf of the Japanese Government and Japanese

nationals, including intergovernmental claims and claims for loss or

damage sustained during the war, but excepting (a) claims in respect

of contracts entered into and rights acquired before 1 September

1939, and (b) claims arising out of trade and financial relations

between Japan and Germany after 2 September 1945. Such

renunciation shall not prejudice actions taken in accordance with

Articles 16 and 20 of the present Treaty.

(d) Japan recognizes the validity of all acts and omissions done during

the period of occupation under or in consequence of directives of the

occupation authorities or authorized by Japanese law at that time, and

will take no action subjecting Allied nationals to civil or criminal

liability arising out of such acts or omissions.

Article 20

Japan will take all necessary measures to ensure such disposition of

German assets in Japan as has been or may be determined by those

powers entitled under the Protocol of the proceedings of the Berlin

Conference of 1945 to dispose of those assets, and pending the final

disposition of such assets will be responsible for the conservation and

administration thereof.

Article 21

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 25 of the present Treaty,

China shall be entitled to the benefits of Articles 10 and 14(a)2; and

Korea to the benefits of Articles 2, 4, 9 and 12 of the present Treaty.

CHAPTER VI

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 22

If in the opinion of any Party to the present Treaty there has arisen a

dispute concerning the interpretation or execution of the Treaty, which

is not settled by reference to a special claims tribunal or by other

agreed means, the dispute shall, at the request of any party thereto, be

referred for decision to the International Court of Justice. Japan and

those Allied Powers which are not already parties to the Statute of the

International Court of Justice will deposit with the Registrar of the

Court, at the time of their respective ratifications of the present

Treaty, and in conformity with the resolution of the United Nations

Security Council, dated 15 October 1946, a general declaration

accepting the jurisdiction, without special agreement, of the Court

generally in respect to all disputes of the character referred to in this

Article.

CHAPTER VII

FINAL CLAUSES

Article 23

(a) The present Treaty shall be ratified by the States which sign it,

including Japan, and will come into force for all the States which have

then ratified it, when instruments of ratification have been deposited

by Japan and by a majority, including the United States of America as

the principal occupying Power, of the following States, namely

Australia, Canada, Ceylon, France, Indonesia, the Kingdom of the

Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Republic of the Philippines,

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the

United States of America. The present Treaty shall come into force of

each State which subsequently ratifies it, on the date of the deposit of

its instrument of ratification.

(b) If the Treaty has not come into force within nine months after the

date of the deposit of Japan's ratification, any State which has ratified

it may bring the Treaty into force between itself and Japan by a

notification to that effect given to the Governments of Japan and the

United States of America not later than three years after the date of

deposit of Japan's ratification.

Article 24

All instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Government

of the United States of America which will notify all the signatory

States of each such deposit, of the date of the coming into force of the

Treaty under paragraph (a) of Article 23, and of any notifications

made under paragraph (b) of Article 23.

Article 25

For the purposes of the present Treaty the Allied Powers shall be the

States at war with Japan, or any State which previously formed a part

of the territory of a State named in Article 23, provided that in each

case the State concerned has signed and ratified the Treaty. Subject

to the provisions of Article 21, the present Treaty shall not confer any

rights, titles or benefits on any State which is not an Allied Power as

herein defined; nor shall any right, title or interest of Japan be deemed

to be diminished or prejudiced by any provision of the Treaty in

favour of a State which is not an Allied Power as so defined.

Article 26

Japan will be prepared to conclude with any State which signed or

adhered to the United Nations Declaration of 1 January 1942, and

which is at war with Japan, or with any State which previously formed

a part of the territory of a State named in Article 23, which is not a

signatory of the present Treaty, a bilateral Treaty of Peace on the

same or substantially the same terms as are provided for in the

present Treaty, but this obligation on the part of Japan will expire

three years after the first coming into force of the present Treaty.

Should Japan make a peace settlement or war claims settlement with

any State granting that State greater advantages than those provided

by the present Treaty, those same advantages shall be extended to the

parties to the present Treaty.

Article 27

The present Treaty shall be deposited in the archives of the

Government of the United States of America which shall furnish each

signatory State with a certified copy thereof.

IN FAITH WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed the

present Treaty.

DONE at the city of San Francisco this eighth day of September 1951,

in the English, French, and Spanish languages, all being equally

authentic, and in the Japanese language.

For Argentina:

Hipólito J. PAZ

For Australia:

Percy C. SPENDER

For Belgium:

Paul VAN ZEELAND SILVERCRUYS

For Bolivia:

Luis GUACHALLA

For Brazil:

Carlos MARTINS

A. DE MELLO-FRANCO

For Cambodia:

PHLENG

For Canada:

Lester B. PEARSON

R.W. MAYHEW

For Ceylon:

J.R. JAYEWARDENE

G.C.S. COREA

R.G. SENANAYAKE

For Chile:

F. NIETO DEL RÍO

For Colombia:

Cipríano RESTREPO JARAMILLO

Sebastián OSPINA

For Costa Rica:

J. Rafael OREAMUNO

V. VARGAS

Luis DOBLES SÁNCHEZ

For Cuba:

O. GANS

L. MACHADO

Joaquín MEYER

For the Dominican Republic:

V. ORDÓÑEZ

Luis F. THOMEN

For Ecuador:

A. QUEVEDO

R.G. VALENZUELA

For Egypt:

Kamil A. RAHIM

For El Salvador:

Héctor DAVID CASTRO

Luis RIVAS PALACIOS

For Ethiopia:

Men YAYEJIJRAD

For France:

SCHUMANN

H. BONNET

Paul-Émile NAGGIAR

For Greece:

A.G. POLITIS

For Guatemala:

E. CASTILLO A.

A.M. ORELLANA

J. MENDOZA

For Haiti:

Jacques N. LÉGER

Gust. LARAQUE

For Honduras:

J.E. VALENZUELA

Roberto GÁLVEZ B.

Raúl ALVARADO T.

For Indonesia:

Ahmad SUBARDJO

For Iran:

A.G. ARDALAN

For Iraq:

A.I. BAKR

For Laos:

SAVANG

For Lebanon:

Charles MALIK

For Liberia:

Gabriel L. DENNIS

James ANDERSON

Raymond HORACE

J. Rudolf GRIMES

For the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg:

Hugues LE GALLAIS

For Mexico:

Rafael DE LA COLINA

Gustavo DÍAZ ORDAZ

A.P. GASGA

For the Netherlands:

D.U. STIKKER

J.H. VAN ROIJEN

For New Zealand:

C. BERENDSEN

For Nicaragua:

G. SEVILLA SACASA

Gustavo MANZANARES

For Norway:

Wilhelm Munthe MORGENSTERNE

For Pakistan:

ZAFRULLAH KHAN

For Panama:

Ignacio MOLINO

José A. REMON

Alfredo ALEMÁN

J. CORDOVEZ

For Peru:

Luis Oscar BOETTNER

For the Republic of the Philippines:

Carlos P. RÓMULO

J.M. ELIZALDE

Vicente FRANCISCO

Diosdado MACAPAGAL

Emiliano T. TIRONA

V.G. SINCO

For Saudi Arabia:

Asad AL-FAQIH

For Syria:

F. EL-KHOURI

For Turkey:

Feridun C. ERKIN

For the Union of South Africa:

G.P. JOOSTE

For the United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

Herbert MORRISON

Kenneth YOUNGER

Oliver FRANKS

For the United States of America:

Dean ACHESON

John Foster DULLES

Alexander WILEY

John J. SPARKMAN

For Uruguay:

José A. MORA

For Venezuela:

Antonio M. ARAUJO

R. GALLEGOS M.

For Viet-Nam:

T.V. HUU

T. VINH

D. THANH

BUU KINH

For Japan:

Shigeru YOSHIDA

Hayato IKEDA

Gizo TOMABECHI

Niro HOSHIJIMA

Muneyoshi TOKUGAWA

Hisato ICHIMADA

Source: United Nations Treaty Series 1952 (reg. no. 1832), vol. 136, pp. 45 - 164.